Palestine after Israel's declaration    

The United Nations General Assembly passed Resolution 181 of 29 November 1947, which proposed the partitioning of Palestine into Arab and Jewish states, with Jerusalem and Bethlehem under a special international regime. The UN Partition Plan granted the Jews over 56% of the area at a time when they owned less than 7% of the land and constituted approximately one-third of the population. On 14 May 1948, the State of Israel was declared and the first Arab-Israeli War began.

 

Israel established borders similar to those of Palestine during the British Mandate. Jordan retained the West Bank of the Jordan River and Jerusalem was divided under Israeli and Jordanian rule. In late October 1956, Joined with Britain and France during the crisis over Egypt's seizure of the Suez Canal, Israel invaded the Sinai Peninsula to destroy military bases. Israel captured Gaza and Sharm el Sheikh at the tip of the Sinai Peninsula that controls access to the Gulf of Aqaba. It also occupied most of Sinai east of the canal. According to plan, the British and French intervened in the conflict to enforce a U.N. cease-fire. The crisis ended in December when the United Nations stationed a peacekeeping force in Sinai. Israel withdrew in March 1957.

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